Articles Posted in Securities Fraud & Unsuitable Investments

Malecki Law is currently investigating whether investors were improperly sold Leveraged and Inverse Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) by any of the following Broker-Dealers: Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., Morgan Stanley & Co, LLC, UBS Financial Services, and Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC.

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) announced that they had fined the above firms for selling leveraged and inverse ETFs without proper supervision.

Any investors who purchased a leveraged or inverse ETF from any of these firms and believe the products were unsuitable for then should contact an attorney at Malecki Law to explore their legal rights.

Malecki Law is investigating possible unsuitability claims against stock brokers and financial advisors who sold shares of KBS REIT I to investors. REITs are illiquid real estate investments, which may be unsuitable for both unsophisticated and elderly customers.

Just recently, KBS informed investors that it would be dropping its share price a whopping 29% from $7.32 to $5.16. This represents a nearly 50% drop from its original sale price of $10. For investors who bought shares of KBS REIT I as part of their retirement savings, this drop may be too much to handle.

In addition to the drop in share price, KBS has also informed investors that it will cease payment of its dividend. Since, many financial advisors sell REITs like KBS REIT I to retired customers as a way to obtain steady income, this announcement has to potential to be devastating to a retiree depending on that income.

Malecki Law announces the filing of an Amended Statement of Claim against MetLife Securities in connection with the real estate investments solicited by Robert H. Van Zandt of The Van Zandt Agency in the Bronx, NY as part of an alleged Ponzi scheme currently under investigation by the New York State Attorney General’s Office.

This past December, Malecki Law announced the filing of a civil arbitration complaint with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority against MetLife Securities for more than $4 million on behalf of twenty-four investors. The attorneys at Malecki Law continue to take calls and anticipate either adding future victims to the existing claim or commencing a second action, if necessary.

In the following months, many more investors contacted the attorneys at Malecki Law requesting to be part of that action. So, on March 5, 2012, Malecki Law amended their complaint with FINRA to add an additional nineteen investors to the action. In total, Malecki Law’s forty-three clients have suffered losses of over $9.2 million as a result of their investments through Mr. Van Zandt and the Van Zandt Agency.

We recently posted about the Behringer Harvard family of REITs and the devastation that these funds have had on investors’ portfolios. Some investors have now begun to seek answers. Investment News reports that a 70 year old woman who has seen her share in Behringer Harvard Short-Term Opportunity Fund drop 96% has recently filed a letter with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) to complain about her investment.

The shares of BH Short-Term Opportunity Fund have dropped to $.40 from $6.48 just one year ago, and from the $10 per share they were offered at just six years ago. Since the BH Short-Term Opportunity Fund had $130 million in total assets, it is clear that this investor is not alone. Many firms, such as Capital Financial Services, Inc. sold these products to senior citizens.

Since REITs can deliver regular income of up to 7-8% a year, they are attractive to seniors who live off the income generated by their investments. Since these products offer high commission, they are very attractive to the brokers who sell these products. However, all too often, the risks involved with investing in REITs are hidden from investors by their brokers, and these same seniors can see their entire life’s savings disappear in the blink of an eye. Downplaying and failing to fully disclose the risks of an investment to a client is illegal, and investors who have suffered losses as a result may have the right to recover their entire loss.

Recently in the news have been stories about the devastation that the Behringer Harvard family of Real Estate Investments Trusts (REITs) has had on investors’ portfolios. It was reported by Investment News that the value of the popular Behringer Harvard Opportunity REIT I is down 46% from its value this time a year ago, with prices down to just over $4 per share. The value of the Behringer Harvard REIT I has also seen substantial declines as well.

Unfortunately for many investors, a quick recovery does not appear to be in store. According to Investment News, Mr. Robert Aisner (Behringer Harvard’s Chief Executive) “said in an interview … that since the REIT is shedding assets, its valuation will go down in the long run.” That is bad news for investors.

Investors who bought into this fund , believing it to be a safe investment, are now seeing substantial portions of their savings disappear. Too often, investors in REITs do not fully understand the risks of investing in these illiquid and oftentimes speculative products. These products often require investors to “lock in” their money for a set time period and are difficult if not impossible to sell in the interim, even amid sharp declines in value. For more information on the risks of REITs and other investments, click here.

In a follow up to Malecki Law’s recent announcement of our investigation into reverse convertible securities comes news that the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) has fined Wells Fargo Investments, LLC $2 million for the selling of unsuitable reverse convertibles securities, as well as failing to grant sales charge discounts to certain customers on Unit Investment Trust (UIT) transactions. A UIT can be defined as ownership of a fixed portfolio of securities within a finite timespan. FINRA’s press release regarding the matter defines reverse convertibles as “interest-bearing notes in which repayment of principal is tied to the performance of an underlying asset, such as a stock or basket of stocks.” Customers of such reverse convertibles risk sustaining losses if the value of the underlying asset falls to a certain level at certain points of maturity during the contracted term.

A separate complaint was filed by FINRA against Alfred Chi Chen, the former Wells Fargo registered representative who approved and sold the reverse convertibles. Chen recommended hundreds of unsuitable investments to twenty-one clients, most of whom were elderly investment novices with low capacities for risk. Fifteen of those twenty-one clients were over the age of eighty. Chen also made unauthorized trades in several accounts, including those of deceased customers.

FINRA specified that Wells Fargo failed between January 2006 and July 2008 to give qualified customers breakpoint and rollover/exchange discounts to which they were entitled upon purchasing UITs. This has been attributed to insufficient internal monitoring of sales and discount eligibility.

It has been difficult to not hear about the recent events surrounding MF Global Holdings Ltd and former Senator and New Jersey Governor, John Corzine. However, many investors do not really understand what happened or why. A recent article in Forbes Online titled “MF Global: Were the Risks Clear?” helps to break down just how these events transpired. The article details how overexposure to European sovereign debt (government bonds) leveraged by using borrowed money (called “margin”) coupled with declines in the value of those bonds caused the downfall of the fund.

The almost overnight collapse of such a prominent and public investment fund as MF Global has brought many issues to light, and the Forbes article characterizes this “as the latest reminder to investors that it’s important – and sometimes very difficult – to understand the entire spectrum of risk they’re exposed to.” These events also raise many questions that should be asked by investors, such as “Do I really understand how my advisor is managing my savings?” and “Have the risks in my portfolio been adequately explained to me?”.

Many investors in MF Global have said that they did not understand what their money was being invested into, but rather trusted that the firm would do the right thing by them. One investor cited by the article said on his blog that “I am supposed to know the difference between an ethical operator and one that is not. The truth is that it often is very difficult to tell them apart.” This has unfortunately come to be a fairly common sentiment by many individual investors, in reference to their personal broker and the funds they invested in.

Malecki Law is currently investigating Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) brokerage firms who have advised customers to purchase leveraged and inverse ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds), including those issued by Direxion, ProFunds (ProShares) and Rydex. Some of these ETFs trade under the symbols FAS, FAZ, UPRO, SDOW, SPXU, UDOW, RSU and RSU, among many others.

From 2007 through 2010, the market for inverse and leveraged ETFs such as these has grown from $1 billion to $30 billion, in large part due to these products being solicited in the accounts of normal, unsophisticated investors.

These products are highly complex, using various trading strategies in an attempt to deliver their promised returns, and are oftentimes not suitable for the investment portfolio of a conservative or retired investor.

In a follow up to our recent critique of dividing defrauded consumers into “net winners” and “net losers” comes a decision from U.S. District Judge Jed Rakoff, who has dismissed Bernie Madoff trustee Irving Picard’s claims filed to regain nearly $1 billion from Fred Wilpon and Saul Katz, the owners of baseball’s New York Mets. The decision may potentially limit Picard’s future chances of recouping investors’ initial investments with Madoff, in what analysts have dubbed “clawback suits” filed by the trustee against the defrauded.

The judge’s decision illustrates a difference between U.S. bankruptcy law and securities law regarding when investors should return money previously received from their broker. A thorough, easy-to-read explanation of fraud can be found on our home site. For New York law, that period spans up to six years prior to a broker’s bankruptcy, while Federal law caps that limit at only two years. What Picard will be able to recoup depends greatly upon whether he will continue to be held to Federal standards. Several district court judges have in recent months sided with Madoff investors’ requests to move cases out of bankruptcy court, a setting that typically favors the trustee.

What we can all learn from these rulings is that where and when an investment is made – as well as where and when any necessary litigation takes place – can be just as important as the venture you’ve chosen to pursue. For one, it’s notable that our national standard for “clawback” measures is more favorable than that of New York, a state housing Wall Street and an immense amount of high stakes real estate, as well as many entertainment and banking endeavors. Clearly, it pays for investors to be informed about their state’s “clawback” legislature: for those of us engaging the market longterm, timing is everything, and how recently you’ve been the victim of fraud sets crucial perimeters.

There’s an old pun making a comeback among New York securities lawyers: “Don’t count your check-ins before they’re cashed.” The divide between so called “net winners” and “net losers” is a hot topic, particularly with regard to the defrauded victims of vilified Ponzi schemer Bernard Madoff. A thorough explanation of affinity fraud can be found in our Investors section, with a set of Ponzi scheme red flags available here from Investor.gov.

In August, the U.S. Second Circuit Court of Appeals upheld Madoff trustee Irving Picard’s decision to award upfront recovery payments of as much as $500,000 solely to the scheme’s “net losers”: investors whose withdrawals from Madoff’s fund did not match their initial investment. “Net winners” – those who withdrew more than their initial entry into the fund – seek the same recovery, but have been denied by Picard in a motion that has now held up in court.

Branding either party winners or losers is problematic, and discredits the fact that all of these investors suffered and were betrayed by the same scheme. Moreover, a precedent was set favoring “net winner” restitution in the case of Randall v. Loftsgaarden 478 U.S. 647 (1986), in which the Supreme Court ruled that “[t]his deterrent purpose is ill-served by a too rigid insistence on limiting plaintiffs to recovery of their ‘net economic loss'”. A 2001 ruling in California Ironworkers Field Pension Trust v. Loomis Sayles, 259 F.3d 1036, (9th Cir. 2001) binds respondents to an “Anti-Netting Rule”, concluding that gains in one investment do not offset losses in another. Why then might Picard’s whims prove to be, as one Wall Street Journal headline wonders, “the Final Word on This Issue?

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